Physicists saw that the quantum world did not play by the rules of the game of our world. A world that does not work according to the laws of classical physics, determined, in large part, by Einstein's general relativity. We can't think of a better way to start this article about one of the most fundamental principles of this amazing branch of Physics.ĭuring the 1920s the pillars of quantum mechanics were established, a discipline that studies the nature of the world beyond the atom. Berlin Heidelberg New-York: Springer-Verlag.As Richard Feynman, a Nobel Prize-winning American astrophysicist and one of the fathers of quantum physics, once said, "If you think you understand quantum mechanics, you don't understand quantum mechanics". An Open Systems Approach to Quantum Optics. "A new wave equation for a continuous non-demolition measurement". "On unitary evolution and collapse in quantum mechanics". "Decoherence, the measurement problem, and interpretations of quantum mechanics". ^ B.D'Espagnat, P.Eberhard, W.Schommers, F.Selleri.Quantum Mechanics: Non-Relativistic Theory. | v x ′ − v x | Δ p x ≈ ℏ / Δ t, : CS1 maint: location ( link)). A formula (one-dimensional for simplicity) relating involved quantities, due to Niels Bohr (1928) is given by In particular, a measurement of momentum is non-repeatable in short intervals of time. It is also necessary to distinguish clearly between the measured value of a quantity and the value resulting from the measurement process. It is possible for other, less direct means of measurement to affect the electron. Particle physics Īn electron is detected upon interaction with a photon this interaction will inevitably alter the velocity and momentum of that electron. However, the need for the "observer" to be conscious (versus merely existent, as in a unicellular microorganism) is not supported by scientific research, and has been pointed out as a misconception rooted in a poor understanding of the quantum wave function ψ and the quantum measurement process. Despite the "observer effect" in the double-slit experiment being caused by the presence of an electronic detector, the experiment's results have been interpreted by some to suggest that a conscious mind can directly affect reality. Physicists have found that observation of quantum phenomena by a detector or an instrument can change the measured results of this experiment. This effect can be found in many domains of physics, but can usually be reduced to insignificance by using different instruments or observation techniques.Ī notable example of the observer effect occurs in quantum mechanics, as demonstrated by the double-slit experiment. While the effects of observation are often negligible, the object still experiences a change (leading to the Schrödinger's cat thought experiment). Similarly, seeing non-luminous objects requires light hitting the object to cause it to reflect that light. A common example is checking the pressure in an automobile tire, which causes some of the air to escape, thereby changing the pressure to observe it. This is often the result of utilizing instruments that, by necessity, alter the state of what they measure in some manner. In physics, the observer effect is the disturbance of an observed system by the act of observation.
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